Shopping on line can be easy, simple and save you lots of money. It can also take a lot of your time, frustrate you, and result in unwanted purchases. Now the same can be said for regular high street shopping, but with the vast opportunity presented by the Internet it will pay you to spend a few minutes reading this and understanding how to better optimize your National Public Radio shopping experience:

1. Compare - without doubt the biggest advantage that the National Public Radio offers shoppers today is the ability to compare thousands of National Public Radio at a time. This is a great thing, but not necessarily all the time! Too much can be daunting at times so take advantage of the great comparison sites and where possible let them do the hard work for you.

2. Research - if it has been said it will be on the internet. Ignorance is no longer a justifiable reason for buying the wrong thing. Take the time to research in detail everything that you could possible want to know about

3. Testimonials - don't know anybody that has bought a National Public Radio? Wrong! If the National Public Radio is good the internet will let you know. Use the Internet as a friend and get testimonials before you buy.

4. Questions - Got a question about National Public Radio then search the Forums, FAQ's, Blogs etc. Don't be afraid to ask .....

5. Reputation - Never heard of the company selling National Public Radio? Don't worry, no reason why you should know every company in the world, but you know someone that does! Use the internet to find out what people are saying about National Public Radio and build up a picture of their reputation for sales, returns, customer service, delivery etc.

6. Returns - still worried that even after all of the above your National Public Radio wont be what you want? Check out the returns policy. There is so much competition now that someone, somewhere is bound to offer the terms that you are comfortable with.

7. Feedback - happy with your National Public Radio then let people know, after all you are depending on others people input in your buying decision, so why not give a little back.

8. Security - check for the yellow padlock on the National Public Radio site before you buy, and the s after http:/ /i.e. https:// = a secure site

9. Contact - got a question about National Public Radio, or want to leave a comment then check out the sites contact page. Reputable companies have them and respond.

10. Payment - ready to pay for your National Public Radio, then use your credit card or PayPal! Be aware of companies that don't accept them, there may be genuine reasons but given the huge amount of choice you have when buying online there is no reason at all not to buy via credit card or PayPal.

{{Infobox Network| network_name = National Public Radio| network_logo = | network_type = Public broadcasting| airdate = April 1971| country = | available = Global, Chief Executive Officer
[Kevin Klose, President
John A. Herrmann, Jr., Foundation Chair]
National Educational Radio Network| former_affiliations =| website = www.npr.org-->

National Public Radio (NPR) is a semi-independent, privately and publicly funded non-profit membership media organization that serves as a national [syndication to public radio stations in the United States. NPR was created in 1970, following congressional passage of the Public Broadcasting Act of 1967, signed into law by President Lyndon Johnson, which established the Corporation for Public Broadcasting and also led to the creation of the Public Broadcasting Service. The network was founded in 1970 with 30 employees and 90 public radio stations as charter members.

Like its fellow public radio networks American Public Media and Public Radio International, NPR produces and distributes news and cultural programming. Its member stations are not required to broadcast all of these programs and most public radio stations broadcast programs from all three providers. Its flagship programs are two drive time news broadcasts, Morning Edition and the afternoon All Things Considered; both are carried by nearly all NPR affiliates and in 2002 were the second- and third-most popular radio programs in the country. In a Harris poll conducted in 2005, NPR was voted the most trusted news source in the US.

History

NPR was incorporated in 1970, taking over the National Educational Radio Network.NPR hit the airwaves in April 1971 with coverage of the United States Senate hearings on the Vietnam War. The next month, All Things Considered debuted on 3 May, hosted by Robert Conley. NPR was primarily a production and distribution organization until 1977, when it merged with the Association of Public Radio Stations. As a membership organization, NPR was now charged with providing stations with training, program promotion, and management; representing public radio before Congress; and providing content delivery mechanisms such as satellite delivery.

NPR suffered an almost fatal setback in 1983 when efforts to expand services created a deficit of nearly United States Dollar7 million. After a Congressional investigation and the resignation of NPR's president, the Corporation for Public Broadcasting agreed to lend the network money in order to stave off bankruptcy. In exchange, NPR agreed to a new arrangement whereby the annual CPB stipend it had received directly would be divided among local stations instead; they then support NPR productions on a subscription basis. NPR also agreed to turn its satellite service into a cooperative venture, making it possible for non-NPR shows to get national distribution. It took NPR another three years to pay off all its debt.

Governance NW in Washington, D.C.

NPR is a membership corporation. Member stations are required to be noncommercial or educational radio stations, have at least five full-time professional employees, operate for at least 18 hours per day, and not be designed solely to further a religious philosophy or be used for classroom programming. Each member station receives one vote at the annual NPR board meetings—exercised by its designated Authorized Station Representative ("A-Rep").

To oversee the day to day operations and prepare its budget, members elect a Board of Directors. This board is composed of ten A-Reps, five members of the general public, and the chair of the NPR Foundation. Terms are for three years and rotate such that some stand for election every year.

The original purposes of NPR, as ratified by the Board of Directors, are the following:



As of 2007, the Board of Directors of NPR included the following members:

NPR Member Station Managers

President of NPR Chair of the NPR Foundation Public Members of the Board

Funding According to the 2005 financial statement, NPR makes just over half of its money from the fees and dues it charges member stations to receive programming, although some of this money originated at the CPB itself, in the form of pass-through grants to member stations. About 2% of NPR's funding comes from bidding on government grants and programs, chiefly the Corporation for Public Broadcasting; the remainder comes from member station dues, foundation grants, and corporate underwriting. Typically, NPR member stations raise about one-third of their budget through on-air pledge drives, one-third from corporate underwriting, and one-third from grants from state governments, university grants, and grants from the CPB itself.

The 2% figure above refers only to money contributed by the federal government directly to NPR. Additional government money makes its way to NPR indirectly. This is because the Federal government (again chiefly the Corporation for Public Broadcasting) provides some funding to NPR member stations, as do state governments (and via the states, state universities), in addition to the funding provided to NPR itself. Since these member stations contribute to NPR (in the form of dues and programming fees), the federal government's portion of NPR's budget may be significantly higher than 2%.

Over the years, the portion of the total NPR budget that comes from government has been decreasing. During the 1970s and early 1980s, the majority of NPR funding came from the Federal government. Steps were being taken during the 1980s to completely wean NPR from government support, but #History forced the network to make immediate changes. More money to fund the NPR network was raised from listeners, charitable foundation (charity) and corporations, and less from the Federal government.

Internet funding hoax In 1995, two University of Northern Colorado students started an e-mail chain letter drive to prevent Congress from reducing PBS funding. In their petition were claims that on NPR's Morning Edition, correspondent Nina Totenberg reporting on a case before the Supreme Court, indicated a pending decision could in effect bring an end to public broadcasting. Though completely false, the chain letter continues to circulate on the Internet.

Underwriting spots vs. commercials In contrast to commercial radio, NPR does not carry traditional radio commercial, but has advertising in the form of brief statements from major donors, such as Allstate, Merck & Co., and Archer Daniels Midland. These statements are called "underwriting spots," not commercials, and, unlike commercials, are governed by FCC restrictions; they cannot advocate a product or contain any "call to action." In 2005 corporate sponsorship made up 23% of the NPR budget. Since NPR is not as dependent on revenue from underwriting spots as commercial stations are on revenue from advertising, its programming decisions may be less ratings-driven.

Joan Kroc Grant On November 6, 2003, NPR was given over US$225 million from the estate of the late Joan B. Kroc, the widow of Ray Kroc, founder of McDonald's Corporation. This was a record—the largest monetary gift ever to a cultural institution. For context, the 2003 annual budget of NPR was US$101 million. In 2004 that number increased by over 50% to US$153 million due to the Kroc gift, as the bequest required that US$34 million be spent to shore up operating reserves. NPR has dedicated the earnings from the remainder of the bequest to expanding its news staff and reducing some member stations' fees. The 2005 budget was about US$120 million.

Production facilities and listenership NPR's major production facilities have been based in Washington, D.C. since its creation. On November 2, 2002, a West Coast of the United States production facility, dubbed NPR West, opened in Culver City, California. NPR opened NPR West to improve its coverage of the western United States, to expand its production capabilities (shows produced there include News & Notes and Day to Day), and to create a fully functional backup production facility capable of keeping NPR on the air in the event of a catastrophe in Washington, D.C.

According to a 2003 Washington Monthly story, about 20 million listeners tune into NPR each week. On average they are 50 years old and earn an annual income of US$78,000. Its audience is predominantly whites; only about 10% are either African American or Hispanics in the United States. Many of its listeners consider NPR to be at the apex of journalism integrity. While Arbitron does track public radio listenership, they do not include public radio in their published rankings of radio stations.

From 1999 through 2004, listenership has increased by about 66%. This increase may have been the result of any of a number of factors, including audience interest in coverage of the September 11, 2001 attacks and the subsequent military actions, a general lack of interest in other terrestrial radio outlets, alienation from television and radio media seen as increasingly biased, and an increase in NPR news and talk programming (instead of jazz or classical music). NPR attracted these new listeners at the same time that the size of the overall radio audience in the United States was decreasing rapidly as people abandoned the medium in favor of MP3 players.

In recent years, NPR has made some changes to appeal to younger listeners and to minority groups. From 2002 until 2004, Tavis Smiley hosted a show targeted towards African Americans, but left the network, claiming that the organization did not provide enough support to make his production truly successful. (Smiley returned to public radio in April 2005 with a weekly show distributed by Public Radio International) NPR stations have long been known for carrying European classical music, but the amount of classical programming carried on NPR stations and other public radio outlets in the U.S. has been declining. Many stations have shifted toward carrying more news, while others have shifted to feature more contemporary music that attracts a younger audience.

Programming Programs produced by NPR News and public affairs programs NPR produces a morning and an afternoon news program, both of which also have weekend editions with different hosts. It also produces hourly news briefs around the clock. NPR formerly distributed the World Radio Network, a daily compilation of news reports from international radio news, but no longer does so.



Cultural programming

Programs distributed by NPR News and public affairs programs

Cultural programming

Public radio programs not affiliated with NPR Individual NPR stations can broadcast programming from sources that have no formal affiliation with NPR.



Many shows produced or distributed by Public Radio International, such as This American Life , Living on Earth and Michael Feldman's Whad'Ya Know?, are broadcast on public radio stations but these shows are not affiliated with NPR. The reason for this potential confusion is due in part that although "NPR" is an actual organization, it has become for many a generic brand for public radio. PRI and NPR are separate organizations and actually compete with each other for slots on public radio stations to air programs.

Most public radio stations are NPR member stations and affiliate stations of PRI at the same time. The two organizations have different governance structures and missions and relationships with stations. Other popular shows, like A Prairie Home Companion and Marketplace (radio program), are produced by American Public Media, the national programming unit of Minnesota Public Radio. The Pacifica Radio Network also provides some programming to some NPR affiliates, notably the news program Democracy Now!.Addtionally, NPR affiliates distribute a series of podcast-only programs, such as On Gambling with Mike Pesca, Groove Salad, and Youthcast, which are designed for younger audiences.

Criticism Allegations of Conservative Bias In a December 2005 column run by NPR ombudsman and former Vice President Jeffrey Dvorkin denied allegations that NPR relies heavily on conservative think-tanks. In his column, Dvorkin listed the number of times NPR had cited experts from conservative and liberal think tanks in the previous year. However, according to MediaMatters, the numbers he reported indicate an overwhelmingly coservative bias. Despite Dvorkin's denial of bias, his own tally showed that 63% of NPR experts came from from right-leaning organizations while only 37% came from left-leaning organizations.

In 2003, some critics accused NPR of being supportive of the 2003 Invasion of Iraq.

Allegations of Liberal Bias NPR has been criticized for tailoring its content to the preferences of an audience drawn from a liberal "educated elite." While members of NPR's audience are more likely to be college educated than those who listen to other radio outlets, Fairness and Accuracy in Reporting, progressive media watchdog group, disputes the claim of a liberal media. A study conducted by researchers at UCLA and the University of Missouri Columbia found that while NPR is "often cited by conservatives as an egregious example of a liberal news outlet", "y our estimate, NPR hardly differs from the average mainstream news outlet. Its score is approximately equal to those of Time (magazine), Newsweek and U.S. News & World Report and its score is slightly more conservative than The Washington Post's." According to the study, NPR is more liberal than the average U.S. voter and more conservative than the average American Democrat.

Other Criticisms A 2004 Fairness and Accuracy in Reporting study concluded that "NPR’s guestlist shows the radio service relies on the same elite and influential sources that dominate mainstream commercial news, and falls short of reflecting the diversity of the American public."

American pop culture is fond of referring to the allegedly dull nature of public radio shows. For example, The Simpsons parodied Garrison Keillor's comedic monologues on his American Public Media show A Prairie Home Companion with a character who dressed in a bow tie, spoke monotonously, and expected the audience to laugh at jokes that were not funny.The Simpsons Archive, "Marge on the Lam", Airdate: 5-Nov-93. Retrieved 10-Nov-06. Saturday Night Live had a recurring segment called The Delicious Dish, a parody of public radio weekend programs modeled on the program Good Food, produced by NPR member station KCRW in Santa Monica. The hosts (played by Ana Gasteyer and Molly Shannon) speak in saccharine, hushed tones about their favorite foods; typically, these were boring selections such as "rice".

Defenders' Rebuttals Supporters contend that NPR does its job well. A study conducted in 2003 by the polling firm Knowledge Networks and the University of Maryland, College Park’s Program on International Policy Attitudes showed that those who get their news and information from public broadcasting (NPR and PBS) are better informed than those whose information comes from other media outlets, including cable and broadcast TV networks and the print media. In particular, 80% of Fox News viewers held at least one of three common misperceptions about the Iraq War; only 23% of NPR listeners and PBS viewers were similarly misinformed. Fox News Channel controversies and allegations of bias the PIPA study.

See also

References External links

{{Infobox Network| network_name = National Public Radio| network_logo = | network_type = Public broadcasting| airdate = April 1971| country = | available = Global, Chief Executive Officer
[Kevin Klose, President
John A. Herrmann, Jr., Foundation Chair]
National Educational Radio Network| former_affiliations =| website = www.npr.org-->

National Public Radio (NPR) is a semi-independent, privately and publicly funded non-profit membership media organization that serves as a national [syndication to public radio stations in the United States. NPR was created in 1970, following congressional passage of the Public Broadcasting Act of 1967, signed into law by President Lyndon Johnson, which established the Corporation for Public Broadcasting and also led to the creation of the Public Broadcasting Service. The network was founded in 1970 with 30 employees and 90 public radio stations as charter members.

Like its fellow public radio networks American Public Media and Public Radio International, NPR produces and distributes news and cultural programming. Its member stations are not required to broadcast all of these programs and most public radio stations broadcast programs from all three providers. Its flagship programs are two drive time news broadcasts, Morning Edition and the afternoon All Things Considered; both are carried by nearly all NPR affiliates and in 2002 were the second- and third-most popular radio programs in the country. In a Harris poll conducted in 2005, NPR was voted the most trusted news source in the US.

History

NPR was incorporated in 1970, taking over the National Educational Radio Network.NPR hit the airwaves in April 1971 with coverage of the United States Senate hearings on the Vietnam War. The next month, All Things Considered debuted on 3 May, hosted by Robert Conley. NPR was primarily a production and distribution organization until 1977, when it merged with the Association of Public Radio Stations. As a membership organization, NPR was now charged with providing stations with training, program promotion, and management; representing public radio before Congress; and providing content delivery mechanisms such as satellite delivery.

NPR suffered an almost fatal setback in 1983 when efforts to expand services created a deficit of nearly United States Dollar7 million. After a Congressional investigation and the resignation of NPR's president, the Corporation for Public Broadcasting agreed to lend the network money in order to stave off bankruptcy. In exchange, NPR agreed to a new arrangement whereby the annual CPB stipend it had received directly would be divided among local stations instead; they then support NPR productions on a subscription basis. NPR also agreed to turn its satellite service into a cooperative venture, making it possible for non-NPR shows to get national distribution. It took NPR another three years to pay off all its debt.

Governance NW in Washington, D.C.

NPR is a membership corporation. Member stations are required to be noncommercial or educational radio stations, have at least five full-time professional employees, operate for at least 18 hours per day, and not be designed solely to further a religious philosophy or be used for classroom programming. Each member station receives one vote at the annual NPR board meetings—exercised by its designated Authorized Station Representative ("A-Rep").

To oversee the day to day operations and prepare its budget, members elect a Board of Directors. This board is composed of ten A-Reps, five members of the general public, and the chair of the NPR Foundation. Terms are for three years and rotate such that some stand for election every year.

The original purposes of NPR, as ratified by the Board of Directors, are the following:



As of 2007, the Board of Directors of NPR included the following members:

NPR Member Station Managers

President of NPR Chair of the NPR Foundation Public Members of the Board

Funding According to the 2005 financial statement, NPR makes just over half of its money from the fees and dues it charges member stations to receive programming, although some of this money originated at the CPB itself, in the form of pass-through grants to member stations. About 2% of NPR's funding comes from bidding on government grants and programs, chiefly the Corporation for Public Broadcasting; the remainder comes from member station dues, foundation grants, and corporate underwriting. Typically, NPR member stations raise about one-third of their budget through on-air pledge drives, one-third from corporate underwriting, and one-third from grants from state governments, university grants, and grants from the CPB itself.

The 2% figure above refers only to money contributed by the federal government directly to NPR. Additional government money makes its way to NPR indirectly. This is because the Federal government (again chiefly the Corporation for Public Broadcasting) provides some funding to NPR member stations, as do state governments (and via the states, state universities), in addition to the funding provided to NPR itself. Since these member stations contribute to NPR (in the form of dues and programming fees), the federal government's portion of NPR's budget may be significantly higher than 2%.

Over the years, the portion of the total NPR budget that comes from government has been decreasing. During the 1970s and early 1980s, the majority of NPR funding came from the Federal government. Steps were being taken during the 1980s to completely wean NPR from government support, but #History forced the network to make immediate changes. More money to fund the NPR network was raised from listeners, charitable foundation (charity) and corporations, and less from the Federal government.

Internet funding hoax In 1995, two University of Northern Colorado students started an e-mail chain letter drive to prevent Congress from reducing PBS funding. In their petition were claims that on NPR's Morning Edition, correspondent Nina Totenberg reporting on a case before the Supreme Court, indicated a pending decision could in effect bring an end to public broadcasting. Though completely false, the chain letter continues to circulate on the Internet.

Underwriting spots vs. commercials In contrast to commercial radio, NPR does not carry traditional radio commercial, but has advertising in the form of brief statements from major donors, such as Allstate, Merck & Co., and Archer Daniels Midland. These statements are called "underwriting spots," not commercials, and, unlike commercials, are governed by FCC restrictions; they cannot advocate a product or contain any "call to action." In 2005 corporate sponsorship made up 23% of the NPR budget. Since NPR is not as dependent on revenue from underwriting spots as commercial stations are on revenue from advertising, its programming decisions may be less ratings-driven.

Joan Kroc Grant On November 6, 2003, NPR was given over US$225 million from the estate of the late Joan B. Kroc, the widow of Ray Kroc, founder of McDonald's Corporation. This was a record—the largest monetary gift ever to a cultural institution. For context, the 2003 annual budget of NPR was US$101 million. In 2004 that number increased by over 50% to US$153 million due to the Kroc gift, as the bequest required that US$34 million be spent to shore up operating reserves. NPR has dedicated the earnings from the remainder of the bequest to expanding its news staff and reducing some member stations' fees. The 2005 budget was about US$120 million.

Production facilities and listenership NPR's major production facilities have been based in Washington, D.C. since its creation. On November 2, 2002, a West Coast of the United States production facility, dubbed NPR West, opened in Culver City, California. NPR opened NPR West to improve its coverage of the western United States, to expand its production capabilities (shows produced there include News & Notes and Day to Day), and to create a fully functional backup production facility capable of keeping NPR on the air in the event of a catastrophe in Washington, D.C.

According to a 2003 Washington Monthly story, about 20 million listeners tune into NPR each week. On average they are 50 years old and earn an annual income of US$78,000. Its audience is predominantly whites; only about 10% are either African American or Hispanics in the United States. Many of its listeners consider NPR to be at the apex of journalism integrity. While Arbitron does track public radio listenership, they do not include public radio in their published rankings of radio stations.

From 1999 through 2004, listenership has increased by about 66%. This increase may have been the result of any of a number of factors, including audience interest in coverage of the September 11, 2001 attacks and the subsequent military actions, a general lack of interest in other terrestrial radio outlets, alienation from television and radio media seen as increasingly biased, and an increase in NPR news and talk programming (instead of jazz or classical music). NPR attracted these new listeners at the same time that the size of the overall radio audience in the United States was decreasing rapidly as people abandoned the medium in favor of MP3 players.

In recent years, NPR has made some changes to appeal to younger listeners and to minority groups. From 2002 until 2004, Tavis Smiley hosted a show targeted towards African Americans, but left the network, claiming that the organization did not provide enough support to make his production truly successful. (Smiley returned to public radio in April 2005 with a weekly show distributed by Public Radio International) NPR stations have long been known for carrying European classical music, but the amount of classical programming carried on NPR stations and other public radio outlets in the U.S. has been declining. Many stations have shifted toward carrying more news, while others have shifted to feature more contemporary music that attracts a younger audience.

Programming Programs produced by NPR News and public affairs programs NPR produces a morning and an afternoon news program, both of which also have weekend editions with different hosts. It also produces hourly news briefs around the clock. NPR formerly distributed the World Radio Network, a daily compilation of news reports from international radio news, but no longer does so.



Cultural programming

Programs distributed by NPR News and public affairs programs

Cultural programming

Public radio programs not affiliated with NPR Individual NPR stations can broadcast programming from sources that have no formal affiliation with NPR.



Many shows produced or distributed by Public Radio International, such as This American Life , Living on Earth and Michael Feldman's Whad'Ya Know?, are broadcast on public radio stations but these shows are not affiliated with NPR. The reason for this potential confusion is due in part that although "NPR" is an actual organization, it has become for many a generic brand for public radio. PRI and NPR are separate organizations and actually compete with each other for slots on public radio stations to air programs.

Most public radio stations are NPR member stations and affiliate stations of PRI at the same time. The two organizations have different governance structures and missions and relationships with stations. Other popular shows, like A Prairie Home Companion and Marketplace (radio program), are produced by American Public Media, the national programming unit of Minnesota Public Radio. The Pacifica Radio Network also provides some programming to some NPR affiliates, notably the news program Democracy Now!.Addtionally, NPR affiliates distribute a series of podcast-only programs, such as On Gambling with Mike Pesca, Groove Salad, and Youthcast, which are designed for younger audiences.

Criticism Allegations of Conservative Bias In a December 2005 column run by NPR ombudsman and former Vice President Jeffrey Dvorkin denied allegations that NPR relies heavily on conservative think-tanks. In his column, Dvorkin listed the number of times NPR had cited experts from conservative and liberal think tanks in the previous year. However, according to MediaMatters, the numbers he reported indicate an overwhelmingly coservative bias. Despite Dvorkin's denial of bias, his own tally showed that 63% of NPR experts came from from right-leaning organizations while only 37% came from left-leaning organizations.

In 2003, some critics accused NPR of being supportive of the 2003 Invasion of Iraq.

Allegations of Liberal Bias NPR has been criticized for tailoring its content to the preferences of an audience drawn from a liberal "educated elite." While members of NPR's audience are more likely to be college educated than those who listen to other radio outlets, Fairness and Accuracy in Reporting, progressive media watchdog group, disputes the claim of a liberal media. A study conducted by researchers at UCLA and the University of Missouri Columbia found that while NPR is "often cited by conservatives as an egregious example of a liberal news outlet", "y our estimate, NPR hardly differs from the average mainstream news outlet. Its score is approximately equal to those of Time (magazine), Newsweek and U.S. News & World Report and its score is slightly more conservative than The Washington Post's." According to the study, NPR is more liberal than the average U.S. voter and more conservative than the average American Democrat.

Other Criticisms A 2004 Fairness and Accuracy in Reporting study concluded that "NPR’s guestlist shows the radio service relies on the same elite and influential sources that dominate mainstream commercial news, and falls short of reflecting the diversity of the American public."

American pop culture is fond of referring to the allegedly dull nature of public radio shows. For example, The Simpsons parodied Garrison Keillor's comedic monologues on his American Public Media show A Prairie Home Companion with a character who dressed in a bow tie, spoke monotonously, and expected the audience to laugh at jokes that were not funny.The Simpsons Archive, "Marge on the Lam", Airdate: 5-Nov-93. Retrieved 10-Nov-06. Saturday Night Live had a recurring segment called The Delicious Dish, a parody of public radio weekend programs modeled on the program Good Food, produced by NPR member station KCRW in Santa Monica. The hosts (played by Ana Gasteyer and Molly Shannon) speak in saccharine, hushed tones about their favorite foods; typically, these were boring selections such as "rice".

Defenders' Rebuttals Supporters contend that NPR does its job well. A study conducted in 2003 by the polling firm Knowledge Networks and the University of Maryland, College Park’s Program on International Policy Attitudes showed that those who get their news and information from public broadcasting (NPR and PBS) are better informed than those whose information comes from other media outlets, including cable and broadcast TV networks and the print media. In particular, 80% of Fox News viewers held at least one of three common misperceptions about the Iraq War; only 23% of NPR listeners and PBS viewers were similarly misinformed. Fox News Channel controversies and allegations of bias the PIPA study.

See also

References External links



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